How Therapy Can Break the Cycle of Negative Patterns

Health anxiety, sometimes known as hypochondria or illness anxiety disorder, is becoming an increasingly common issue among people of all demographics.

As a therapist, I’ve observed a significant rise in the number of individuals experiencing health-related fears and anxieties.

Whether you’re a young adult stepping into the responsibilities of adulthood, a person concerned about the future, or an older person navigating the complexities of ageing, health anxiety can touch anyone.

What is Health Anxiety?

Health anxiety is characterised by an obsessive and irrational worry about having a serious medical condition. This can manifest in various ways, from frequently checking your body for signs of illness to constantly seeking reassurance from doctors and medical tests. The internet, while a valuable resource, can also fuel these fears by providing endless information about diseases and symptoms, often leading to misinterpretation and panic.

Why Are We More Anxious About Our Health Today?

Several factors contribute to the rise in health anxiety:

Ageing and Responsibility: As we grow older, we become more aware of our mortality and the potential health issues that can arise. This heightened awareness, coupled with the stress of increased responsibilities, can lead to anxiety about our well-being.

Concerns about Healthcare: In the UK, concerns about the NHS and its ability to provide timely and effective care can exacerbate health fears. The uncertainty and potential delays in receiving medical attention can leave individuals feeling vulnerable and anxious.

Social Media and Information Overload: The digital age has brought a flood of health information to our fingertips. While this can be empowering, it can also be overwhelming and misleading. Social media platforms are rife with anecdotal stories and misinformation that can amplify health anxieties.

COVID-19 and Vaccination Debates: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our collective mental health.

The constant updates about the virus, the fear of contracting it and the debates surrounding vaccinations have all contributed to a heightened sense of health anxiety.

Unrecognised Stress and Anxiety: Many people fail to recognise the signs of stress and anxiety, mistaking the physical symptoms of these conditions for signs of serious illness. This misinterpretation can create a vicious cycle of worry and physical symptoms.

The Relationship Between Health Anxiety and General Anxiety

Health anxiety doesn’t exist in isolation; it’s often part of a larger pattern of anxiety disorders. People with health anxiety may also experience other forms of anxiety, such as generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder or social anxiety. Here’s how these anxieties are interlinked:

General Anxiety Disorders (GAD): Those with GAD experience pervasive and excessive worry about various aspects of life, including health. This constant state of worry can heighten sensitivity to bodily sensations and amplify fears about potential illnesses.

Panic Disorder: Panic attacks involve sudden and intense surges of fear, often accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. These symptoms can be misinterpreted as signs of severe medical conditions, fuelling health anxiety.

Stress and Its Physical Manifestations: Chronic stress can cause a range of physical symptoms, such as headaches, muscle tension and gastrointestinal issues. When people under stress notice these symptoms, they might worry excessively about their health, mistaking stress-related symptoms for serious health problems.

The Cycle of Stress, Anxiety, and Health Concerns

Stress and anxiety can create a vicious cycle when it comes to health concerns:

Misinterpretation of Symptoms: Stress can cause real physical symptoms, such as palpitations or stomach issues.

Those with health anxiety might misinterpret these benign symptoms as signs of a serious illness, leading to further anxiety.

Increased Stress and Anxiety: The fear of having a serious illness can increase overall stress levels, leading to more anxiety and consequently, more physical symptoms. This creates a self-perpetuating cycle of worry and stress.

Behavioural Responses: People with health anxiety often engage in behaviours that reinforce their fears, such as frequent doctor visits, excessive internet research, or constant body checking. While these actions are intended to alleviate anxiety, they often increase it by keeping health concerns top of mind.

How Therapy Can Break the Cycle

Hypnotherapy and psychotherapy can be incredibly effective in addressing the interconnected nature of health anxiety, stress, and general anxiety. Here’s how:

Identifying Triggers: A therapist can help you identify the specific thoughts and situations that trigger your health anxiety, allowing you to understand and manage them better.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT is particularly effective for health anxiety. It helps you challenge and change the irrational thoughts and behaviour’s that fuel your anxiety. For instance, learning to interpret a headache as a common stress symptom rather than a sign of a brain tumour can be transformative.

Mindfulness and Stress Management: Therapists can teach stress reduction techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.